| 词条 | Walter Kitchener |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir Frederick Walter Kitchener |image= WalterKitchener.png |caption= |birth_date=26 May 1858 |death_date={{d-da|6 March 1912|26 May 1858}} |birth_place= |death_place= Hamilton, Bermuda |nickname= |allegiance={{UK}} |branch=British Army |serviceyears=1876–1912 |rank=Lieutenant-General |unit= |commands= |battles=Second Anglo-Afghan War Mahdist War Second Boer War |awards=Order of the Bath |relations=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener Henry Kitchener, 2nd Earl Kitchener |laterwork=Governor and Commander in Chief of Bermuda (1908–1912) }} Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Walter Kitchener, KCB (26 May 1858 – 6 March 1912), known as Walter Kitchener, was a British soldier and colonial administrator. Military careerHe was the youngest son of Henry Horatio Kitchener (1805–1894) and his wife Frances Anne Chevallier (1826–1864).[1] In 1876 he followed his older brother Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener in taking up a career in the British Army. Initially commissioned an unattached Sub-Lieutenant, he joined the 14th Foot (later the West Yorkshire Regiment) in 1877. He served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War as a transport officer to the Kabul Field Force and took part in the first Battle of Charasiah and the battle of Karez Meer. Kitchener also saw action in the Chardeh Valley.[1] He later served in Egypt during the Mahdist War where his brother Lord Kitchener was commanding British forces. During the war Frederick was made director of Transport during the 1898 Nile expedition and advance on Khartoum. He was appointed commander of the Kordofan force and took part in the Battle of Omdurman which resulted in the recapture of Khartoum which had been captured by Mahdist's during the Siege of Khartoum in 1885. He was appointed Khartoum’s Military governor after it came under Anglo-Egyptian control.[1] In 1899 Kitchener was appointed to the staff of Sir Redvers Buller in South Africa and took part in attempts to relieve Ladysmith during the Second Boer War. He was expected to be given an important post in South Africa but was passed over by his brother because Lord Kitchener (Commander-in-Chief of the troops in South Africa) didn’t want to be accused of favouritism.[2] During the latter part of the war he commanded troops in Western Transvaal, and following the announcement of peace on 31 May 1902, he supervised the surrender of arms in that area.[3] He left Cape Town on board the SS Dunvegan Castle in late June 1902,[4] and arrived at Southampton the next month. For his service in South Africa he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with five clasps and the King's South Africa Medal with two clasps. In late 1902 he was posted to British India to serve on the staff commanding the Lahore Division.[1] On 31 October 1908 he was appointed Governor and Commander in Chief of Bermuda,[5] serving until his death in Hamilton following complications from an operation for appendicitis.[5] FamilyKitchener married Caroline Louisa Fenton, daughter of Major Charles Hamilton Fenton, on 27 November 1884 and had five children, including Major Hal Kitchener, a First World War aviator who returned to Bermuda after the war and ran an aviation company on Hinson's Island, previously part of the Prisoner-of-War camp from which Fritz Joubert Duquesne, his uncle's alleged assassin, had escaped during the Second Boer War. [6] References1. ^1 2 {{cite news | title =Gov. Gen. Kitchener dead|work=New York Times| date =8 March 1912 | url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C04E4DC1F31E233A2575BC0A9659C946396D6CF | accessdate =15 December 2007}} {{s-start}}{{s-gov}}{{s-bef|before=Josceline Wodehouse}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of Bermuda|years=1908–1912}}{{s-aft|after=George M. Bullock}}{{s-end}}{{Chevallier family tree}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kitchener, Frederick Walter}}2. ^{{Cite news| title =Walter Kitchener at disadvantage| newspaper=The Sheboygan Press| pages =2| date =5 November 1909| postscript =}} 3. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Latest arrangements - The peace, military arrangements |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=4 June 1902 |page_number=7 |issue=36785| }} 4. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home |day_of_week=Thursday |date=26 June 1902 |page_number=10 |issue=36804| }} 5. ^1 {{Cite news| title =Brother of Kitchener passes in Bermuda| newspaper=The Atlanta Constitution| pages =29| date =8 March 1912| postscript =}} 6. ^1 {{cite web| title =Genealogy of Frederick Walter Kitchener| publisher=geneall.net | url =http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=593089| accessdate =15 December 2007}} 9 : 1858 births|1912 deaths|British Army generals|West Yorkshire Regiment officers|Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath|British Army personnel of the Second Boer War|British Army personnel of the Mahdist War|British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War|Governors of Bermuda |
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