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词条 Carl Sandburg
释义

  1. Life

  2. Career

     Poetry and prose  Lincoln works  Folk music 

  3. Legacy

     Commemoration  Namesakes   In other media  

  4. Bibliography

  5. See also

  6. References

     Footnotes  Notes 

  7. Further reading

  8. External links

{{About|the writer|the passenger train service|Carl Sandburg (train)}}{{Infobox writer
| image = Carl Sandburg NYWTS.jpg
| alt = Photograph of Sandburg
| caption = Sandburg in 1955
| birth_name = Carl August Sandburg[1]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|1|6}}
| birth_place = Galesburg, Illinois, U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1967|7|22|1878|1|6}}
| death_place = {{Nowrap|Flat Rock, North Carolina, U.S.}}
| occupation = Journalist, author
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = Lombard College (non-graduate)
| notableworks = {{unbulleted list | Chicago Poems | The People, Yes | Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and The War Years | Rootabaga Stories}}
| spouse = Lilian Steichen
| children = 3
| awards = {{unbulleted list | Pulitzer Prize {{nowrap|(1919, 1940, 1951)}} | Robert Frost Medal (1952) }}
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance = {{flag|United States|name=United States of America|1896|size=23px}}
| branch = United States Army
| serviceyears = 1898
| rank = Private
| unit = Company C, 6th Illinois Infantry Regiment
| battles = Spanish–American War
}}Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, writer, and editor. He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as "a major figure in contemporary literature", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920).[2] He enjoyed "unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life",[3] and at his death in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that "Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America."[4]

Life

Carl Sandburg was born in a three-room cottage at 313 East Third Street in Galesburg, Illinois, to Clara Mathilda (née Anderson) and August Sandberg,[1] both of Swedish ancestry.[5] He adopted the nickname "Charles" or "Charlie" in elementary school at about the same time he and his two oldest siblings changed the spelling of their last name to "Sandburg".[1][6][7]

At the age of thirteen he left school and began driving a milk wagon. From the age of about fourteen until he was seventeen or eighteen, he worked as a porter at the Union Hotel barbershop in Galesburg.[8] After that he was on the milk route again for eighteen months. He then became a bricklayer and a farm laborer on the wheat plains of Kansas.[9] After an interval spent at Lombard College in Galesburg,[10] he became a hotel servant in Denver, then a coal-heaver in Omaha. He began his writing career as a journalist for the Chicago Daily News. Later he wrote poetry, history, biographies, novels, children's literature, and film reviews. Sandburg also collected and edited books of ballads and folklore. He spent most of his life in the Midwest before moving to North Carolina.

Sandburg volunteered to go to the military (there was no conscription) and was stationed in Puerto Rico with the 6th Illinois Infantry during the Spanish–American War,[11] disembarking at Guánica, Puerto Rico on July 25, 1898. Sandburg was never actually called to battle. He attended West Point for just two weeks, before failing a mathematics and grammar exam. Sandburg returned to Galesburg and entered Lombard College, but left without a degree in 1903. He then moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and joined the Social Democratic Party, the name by which the Socialist Party of America was known in the state. Sandburg served as a secretary to Emil Seidel, socialist mayor of Milwaukee from 1910 to 1912.[12]

Sandburg met Lilian Steichen (1883-1977) at the Social Democratic Party office in 1907, and they married the next year. Lilian's brother was the photographer Edward Steichen. Sandburg with his wife, whom he called Paula, raised three daughters. The Sandburgs moved to Harbert, Michigan, and then to suburban Chicago, Illinois. They lived in Evanston, Illinois, before settling at 331 South York Street in Elmhurst, Illinois, from 1919 to 1930. During the time, Sandburg wrote Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920).[2] In 1919 Sandburg won a Pulitzer Prize "made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society" for his collection Cornhuskers.[16] Sandburg also wrote three children's books in Elmhurst: Rootabaga Stories, in 1922, followed by Rootabaga Pigeons (1923), and Potato Face (1930). Sandburg also wrote Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years, a two-volume biography, in 1926, The American Songbag (1927), and a book of poems called Good Morning, America (1928) in Elmhurst.

The family moved to Michigan in 1930, and the Sandburg house at 331 South York Street in Elmhurst was demolished and the site is now a parking lot. Sandburg won the 1940 Pulitzer Prize for History for the four-volume The War Years, the sequel to his Abraham Lincoln, and a second Poetry Pulitzer in 1951 for Complete Poems.[13][14][15]

In 1945 he moved to Connemara, a {{convert|246|acre|adj=on}} rural estate in Flat Rock, North Carolina. Here he produced a little over a third of his total published work, and lived with his wife, daughters, and two grandchildren.[16]

On February 12, 1959, in commemorations of the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth, Congress met in joint session to hear actor Fredric March give a dramatic reading of the Gettysburg Address, followed by an address by Sandburg.[17] {{as of|2013}}, Sandburg remains the only Swedish-American or American poet ever invited to address a joint session of Congress.[18]

Sandburg supported the Civil Rights Movement and was the first white man to be honored by the NAACP with their Silver Plaque Award as a "major prophet of civil rights in our time."[19]

Sandburg died of natural causes in 1967 and his body was cremated. The ashes were interred under "Remembrance Rock", a granite boulder located behind his birth house in Galesburg.[20][21]

Career

Poetry and prose

Much of Carl Sandburg's poetry, such as "Chicago", focused on Chicago, Illinois, where he spent time as a reporter for the Chicago Daily News and the Day Book. His most famous description of the city is as "Hog Butcher for the World/Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat/Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler,/Stormy, Husky, Brawling, City of the Big Shoulders."

Sandburg earned Pulitzer Prizes for his collection The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg, Corn Huskers, and for his biography of Abraham Lincoln (Abraham Lincoln: The War Years).[14] He recorded excerpts from the biography and some of Lincoln's speeches for Caedmon Records in New York City in May 1957. He was awarded a Grammy Award in 1959 for Best Performance – Documentary Or Spoken Word (Other Than Comedy) for his recording of Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait with the New York Philharmonic.

Sandburg is also remembered by generations of children for his Rootabaga Stories and Rootabaga Pigeons, a series of whimsical, sometimes melancholy stories he originally created for his own daughters. The Rootabaga Stories were born of Sandburg's desire for "American fairy tales" to match American childhood. He felt that the European stories involving royalty and knights were inappropriate, and so populated his stories with skyscrapers, trains, corn fairies and the "Five Marvelous Pretzels".

Lincoln works

Sandburg's popular multivolume biography Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years, 2 vols. (1926) and Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, 4 vols. (1939) are collectively "the best-selling, most widely read, and most influential book[s] about Lincoln."[23] The books have been through many editions, including a one-volume edition in 1954 prepared by Sandburg.

Sandburg's Lincoln scholarship had an enormous impact on the popular view of Lincoln. The books were adapted by Robert Sherwood for his Pulitzer Prize-winning play Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1938) and David Wolper's six-part dramatization for television, Sandburg's Lincoln (1974). Some historians suggest more Americans learned about Lincoln from Sandburg than from any other source.[24]

The books garnered critical praise and attention for Sandburg, including the 1940 Pulitzer Prize for History for the four-volume The War Years. But Sandburg's works on Lincoln also brought substantial criticism. William E. Barton, who had published a Lincoln biography in 1925, wrote that Sandburg's book "is not history, is not even biography" because of its lack of original research and uncritical use of evidence, but Barton nevertheless thought it was "real literature and a delightful and important contribution to the ever-lengthening shelf of really good books about Lincoln."[25] Others criticized Sandburg's failure to document sources and factual errors.[23] Others complain The Prairie Years and The War Years contain too much material that is neither biography nor history and is instead "sentimental poeticizing" by Sandburg.[23] Sandburg may have viewed his book as an American epic more than as a mere biography, a view mirrored by other reviewers as well.[23]

Folk music

Sandburg's 1927 anthology, the American Songbag, enjoyed enormous popularity, going through many editions; and Sandburg himself was perhaps the first American urban folk singer, accompanying himself on solo guitar at lectures and poetry recitals, and in recordings, long before the first or the second folk revival movements (of the 1940s and 1960s, respectively).[26] According to the musicologist Judith Tick:

As a populist poet, Sandburg bestowed a powerful dignity on what the '20s called the "American scene" in a book he called a "ragbag of stripes and streaks of color from nearly all ends of the earth ... rich with the diversity of the United States." Reviewed widely in journals ranging from the New Masses to Modern Music, the American Songbag influenced a number of musicians. Pete Seeger, who calls it a "landmark", saw it "almost as soon as it came out." The composer Elie Siegmeister took it to Paris with him in 1927, and he and his wife Hannah "were always singing these songs. That was home. That was where we belonged."[27]

Legacy

Commemoration

Carl Sandburg's boyhood home in Galesburg is now operated by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency as the Carl Sandburg State Historic Site. The site contains the cottage Sandburg was born in, a modern visitor's center, and small garden with a large stone called Remembrance Rock, under which his and his wife's ashes are buried.[28] Sandburg's home of 22 years in Flat Rock, Henderson County, North Carolina, is preserved by the National Park Service as the Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site. Carl Sandburg College is located in Sandburg's birthplace of Galesburg, Illinois.

On January 6, 1978, the 100th anniversary of his birth, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp honoring Sandburg. The spare design consists of a profile originally drawn by his friend William A. Smith in 1952, along with Sandburg's own distinctive autograph.[29]

The Rare Book & Manuscript Library (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) (RBML)[30] houses the Carl Sandburg Papers. The bulk of the collection was purchased directly from Carl Sandburg and his family. In total, the RBML owns over 600 cubic feet of Sandburg's papers, including photographs, correspondence, and manuscripts.[31][32]

In 2011, Sandburg was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame.[33]

Namesakes

Carl Sandburg Village was a 1960s urban renewal project in the Near North Side, Chicago. Financed by the city, it is located between Clark and LaSalle St. between Division Street and North Ave. Solomon & Cordwell, architects. In 1979, Carl Sandburg Village was converted to condominium ownership.

Numerous schools are named for Sandburg throughout the United States, and he was present at some of these schools' dedications. (Some years after attending the 1954 dedication of Carl Sandburg High School in Orland Park, Illinois, Sandburg returned for an unannounced visit; the school's principal at first mistook him for a hobo.){{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} Sandburg Halls, a student residence hall at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, carries a plaque commemorating Sandburg's roles as an organizer for the Social Democratic Party and as personal secretary to Emil Seidel, Milwaukee's first Socialist mayor.

Carl Sandburg Library opened in Livonia, Michigan in 1961. The name was recommended by the Library Commission as an example of an American author representing the best of literature of the Midwest. Carl Sandburg had taught at the University of Michigan for a time.[34]

Galesburg opened Sandburg Mall in 1975, named in honor of Sandburg. The Chicago Public Library installed the Carl Sandburg Award, annually awarded for contributions to literature.[35]

Amtrak added the Carl Sandburg train in 2006 to supplement the Illinois Zephyr on the Chicago–Quincy route.[36]

In other media

{{in popular culture|date=January 2017}}{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
  • NBC produced a 6-episode miniseries entitled Lincoln, also referred to as Carl Sandburg's Lincoln, starring Hal Holbrook and directed by George Schaefer, aired between 1974 and 1976.
  • Richard Armour's poem "Driving in a Fog; or Carl Sandburg Must Have Been a Pedestrian" published in the January 1953 Westways.
  • William Saroyan wrote a short story about Sandburg in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Must Say Hello To Everybody.
  • Thomas Hart Benton painted a portrait Carl Sandburg in 1956, for which the poet had posed.
  • Sandburg's "Sometime they'll give a war and nobody will come" from The People, Yes was a slogan of the German peace movement "Stell dir vor, es ist Krieg, und keiner geht hin", however often attributed to Bertolt Brecht.[37]
  • Daniel Steven Crafts' The Song and The Slogan is an orchestral composition built around recited passages from Sandburg's "Prairie".
  • Dan Zanes's Parades and Panoramas: 25 Songs Collected by Carl Sandburg for the American Songbag.
  • Peter Louis van Dijk's "Windy City Songs", based on the Chicago poems was performed by the Chicago Children's Choir and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Choir in 2007.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}
  • Steven Spielberg claimed that the face of E.T. was based on a composite of Sandburg, Ernest Hemingway, and Albert Einstein.[38]
  • Bob Gibson's "The Courtship of Carl Sandburg", starring Tom Amandes as Sandburg[39]
  • Samuel M. Steward's gay pulp collection "$tud"'s protagonist refers to Sandburg in an ironic nod to his commentary on the "painted women of Chicago" (as Steward contrarily wrote of the "male whores" of Chicago).[40]
  • In Jonathan Lethem's novel Dissident Gardens the main character Rose Zimmer became an Abraham Lincoln devotee after reading Sandburg's biography. Her copy of the six volumes became the centerpiece of her shrine to Lincoln.
  • Sufjan Stevens's "Come on! Feel the Illinoise! Part I: The Columbian Exposition Part II: Carl Sandburg Visits Me in a Dream" (from Illinois).

Bibliography

{{Main|Carl Sandburg bibliography}}{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • In Reckless Ecstasy (1904) (poetry) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
  • Incidentals (1904) (poetry and prose) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
  • Plaint of a Rose (1908) (poetry) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
  • Joseffy (1910) (prose) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
  • You and Your Job (1910) (prose) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
  • Chicago Poems (1916) (poetry)
  • Cornhuskers (1918) (poetry)
  • Chicago Race Riots (1919) (prose) (with an introduction by Walter Lippmann)
  • Clarence Darrow of Chicago (1919) (prose)
  • Smoke and Steel (1920) (poetry)
  • Rootabaga Stories (1922) (children's stories)
  • Slabs of the Sunburnt West (1922) (poetry)
  • Rootabaga Pigeons (1923) (children's stories)
  • Selected Poems (1926) (poetry)
  • The Prairie Years (1926) (biography)
  • The American Songbag (1927) (folk songs)[41][42]
  • Songs of America (1927) (folk songs) (collected by Sandburg; edited by Alfred V. Frankenstein)
  • Abe Lincoln Grows Up (1928) (biography [primarily for children])
  • Good Morning, America (1928) (poetry)
  • Steichen the Photographer (1929) (history)
  • Early Moon (1930) (poetry)
  • Potato Face (1930) (children's stories)
  • Mary Lincoln: Wife and Widow (1932) (biography)
  • The People, Yes (1936) (poetry)
  • The War Years (1939) (biography)
  • Storm over the Land (1942) (biography) (excerpts from Sandburg's own The War Years)
  • Road to Victory (1942) (exhibition catalog) (text by Sandburg; images compiled by Edward Steichen and published by the Museum of Modern Art)
  • Home Front Memo (1943) (essays)
  • Remembrance Rock (1948) (novel)
{{col-2}}
  • Lincoln Collector: the story of the Oliver R. Barrett Lincoln collection (1949) (prose)
  • The New American Songbag (1950) (folk songs)
  • Complete Poems (1950) (poetry)
  • The Wedding Procession of the Rag Doll and the Broom Handle and Who Was In It (1950) (children's story)
  • Always the Young Strangers (1953) (autobiography)
  • Selected Poems of Carl Sandburg (1954) (poetry) (edited by Rebecca West)
  • The Family of Man (1955) (exhibition catalog) (introduction; images compiled by Edward Steichen)
  • Prairie-Town Boy (1955) (autobiography) (essentially excerpts from Always the Young Strangers)
  • Sandburg Range (1957) (prose and poetry)
  • Harvest Poems, 1910–1960 (1960) (poetry)
  • Wind Song (1960) (poetry)
  • The World of Carl Sandburg (1960) (stage production) (adapted and directed by Norman Corwin, dramatic readings by Bette Davis and Leif Erickson, singing and guitar by Clark Allen, with closing cameo by Sandburg himself.)
  • Carl Sandburg at Gettysburg (1961) (documentary)
  • Honey and Salt (1963) (poetry)
  • The Letters of Carl Sandburg (1968) (autobiographical/correspondence) (edited by Herbert Mitgang)
  • Breathing Tokens (poetry by Sandburg, edited by Margaret Sandburg) (1978) (poetry)
  • Ever the Winds of Chance (1983) (autobiography) (started by Sandburg, completed by Margaret Sandburg and George Hendrick)
  • Carl Sandburg at the Movies: a poet in the silent era, 1920–1927 (1985) (selections of his reviews of silent movies; collected and edited by Dale Fetherling and Doug Fetherling)
  • Billy Sunday and other poems (1993) (edited with an introduction by George Hendrick and Willene Hendrick)
  • Poems for Children Nowhere Near Old Enough to Vote (1999) (compiled and with an introduction by George and Willene Hendrick)
  • Poems for the People. (1999) 73 newfound poems from his early years in Chicago, edited with an introduction by George Hendrick and Willene Hendrick
  • Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years (2007) (illustrated edition with an introduction by Alan Axelrod)
{{col-end}}

See also

{{Portal|Poetry|Novels|Carl Sandburg}}
  • Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site
{{clear}}

References

Footnotes

1. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Always the Young Strangers|last=Sandburg|first=Carl|publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company|location=New York|year=1953|pages=29, 39}} Sandburg's father's last name was originally "Danielson" or "Sturm". He could read but not write, and he accepted whatever spelling other people used. The young Carl, sister Mary, and brother Mart changed the spelling to "Sandburg" when in elementary school.
2. ^1 {{cite book |last=Danilov |first=Victor |date= September 26, 2013 |title=Famous Americans: A Directory of Museums, Historic Sites, and Memorials |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWsrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA198 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |page=198 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web | title= A Workingman's Poet | first= Danny |last= Heitman | work = Humanities| date= March–April 2013 | url= http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2013/marchapril/feature/workingmans-poet | accessdate= January 6, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite book |last=Callahan |first=North |date=October 1, 1990 |title=Carl Sandburg: His Life and Works |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JMnNncs6pwC&pg=PA233 |publisher= Pennsylvania State University Press |page=233 |isbn=978-0271004860 |accessdate=January 7, 2015 }}
5. ^http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3767.html
6. ^Sandburg in 1953 was not able to recall his younger self's reasons, but he relates that being able to correctly pronounce "ch" was a mark of assimilation among Swedish immigrants.
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/carl-sandburg/education-carl-sandburg-timeline/2320/|title=American Masters: Carl Sandburg Timeline|publisher=PBS|date=2012-08-18|author=Penelope Niven|accessdate=2014-01-19}}
8. ^Prairie-Town Boy, by Carl Sandburg, 1955. "timforsythe.com"
9. ^Selected Poems of Carl Sandburg, edited by Rebecca West, 1954
10. ^Carl Sandburg College. "History" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207012257/http://www.sandburg.edu/about-us/history |date=2013-02-07 }}
11. ^*{{cite book |last=Mason, Jr. |first=Herbert Molloy |editor-last=Kolb |editor-first=Richard K. |date=1999 |title=VFW: Our First Century |location=Lenexa, Kansas |publisher=Addax Publishing Group |pages=13, 90 |isbn=1-88611072-7 |lccn=99-24943}}
12. ^"Revolt Develops Poet", The Western Comrade, vol. 2, no. 3 (July 1914), pg. 23.
13. ^1 "Poetry". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
14. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.pulitzer.org/faceted_search/results/Carl-Sandburg |title=12 Search Results |publisher=Pulitzer.org |accessdate=April 25, 2013}}
15. ^The Pulitzer Prize for Poetry was inaugurated in 1922 but the organization now considers the first winners to be three recipients of 1918 and 1919 special awards.
16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/carl/learn/historyculture/sandburg-grandchildren.htm|title=Sandburg Grandchildren - Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-01-21}}
17. ^{{cite news | title= Nation Honor Lincoln On Sesquicentennial | url= http://dig.lib.niu.edu/ISHS/ishs-1959summer/ishs-1959summer-291.pdf | date= February 11, 1959 | publisher= Northern Illinois University Libraries | work= Yonkers Herald-Statesman | agency= Associated Press | accessdate= April 25, 2013 | quote= Congress gets into the act tomorrow, when a joint session will be held. Carl Sandburg, famed Lincoln biographer, will give and address, and actor Fredric March will read the Gettysburg Address. | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131101065149/http://dig.lib.niu.edu/ISHS/ishs-1959summer/ishs-1959summer-291.pdf | archivedate= November 1, 2013 | df= }}
18. ^{{cite journal|work=Commentary|title=The People's Poet|last=Epstein|first=Joseph|authorlink=Joseph Epstein (writer)|date=May 1992|url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-peoples-poet/|accessdate=January 7, 2015}} "Carl Sandburg is the only American poet ever asked to address Congress, a date he was able to fit into his crowded schedule in 1959. He also appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show, the Texaco Hour (with Milton Berle), the early Today Show (with Dave Garroway), and See It Now, where he was interviewed by Edward R. Murrow. Sandburg once wrote a poem to which, on television, Gene Kelly danced.The house in which he was born was preserved as a memorial to him when he was still alive."
19. ^{{cite news|title = Carl Sandburg cited by NAACP|newspaper=Baltimore Afro-American|date=30 November 1965|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=euMlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=__QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4863%2C6596609}}
20. ^{{cite news|title = Carl Sandburg's ashes placed under Remembrance Rock |page=61 |newspaper = The New York Times|date = 2 October 1967}}
21. ^His wife and two daughters would also be interred there. See the signage.
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/LandmarksWeb/landmarkDetail.do?lanID=11400|title=Carl Sandburg House|date=2006-10-04|publisher=City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division|accessdate=2008-10-24}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
23. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Hurt |first1=James |title=Sandburg's Lincoln within History |journal=Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association |date=Winter 1999 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=55-65 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0020.105/--sandburg-s-lincoln-within-history}}
24. ^Penelope Niven, Carl Sandburg: A Biography (New York: Scribner's, 1991), 536.
25. ^William E. Barton, "Review of The Prairie Years," American Historical Review 31 (July 1926): 809–11
26. ^Bill C. Malone and David Stricklin (2003). Southern Music/American Music (University Press of Kentucky, 2003), p. 33.
27. ^Judith Tick, Ruth Crawford Seeger, A Composer's Search for American Music (Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 57
28. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.sandburg.org/ |title=Carl Sandburg Historic Site Association |publisher=Sandburg.org |accessdate=April 25, 2013}}
29. ^Scott catalogue
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.library.uiuc.edu/rbx/ |title=Rare Book and Manuscript Library |publisher= Library.uiuc.edu |accessdate=April 25, 2013}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.library.illinois.edu/rbx/archon/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=1094&q=sandburg |title=Carl Sandburg Papers (Ashville accession) |publisher=library.illinois.edu |accessdate=December 18, 2014}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.library.illinois.edu/rbx/archon/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=30&q=sandburg |title=Carl Sandburg Papers (Connemara accession) |publisher=library.illinois.edu |accessdate=December 18, 2014}}
33. ^{{Cite web |url=https://chicagoliteraryhof.org/inductees/profile/carl-sandburg |title=Carl Sandburg |date=2011 |website=Chicago Literary Hall of Fame |language=en |access-date=2017-10-14}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://livonia.lib.mi.us/sandburg |title=Carl Sandburg Library Homepage |publisher=Livonia.lib.mi.us |year=2008 |accessdate=April 25, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216050707/http://livonia.lib.mi.us/sandburg |archivedate=December 16, 2012 |df= }}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cplfoundation.org/site/PageServer?pagename=events_sandburgawards_co|title=October 23 Dinner Honors Allende, Lewis and Sneed|publisher=Chicago Public Library|accessdate=3 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230958/http://www.cplfoundation.org/site/PageServer?pagename=events_sandburgawards_co|archivedate=2 December 2013|df=}}
36. ^Amtrak Press Release, October 8, 2006. Amtrak.com.
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zeit.de/2004/34/N-Zitat_4|date=2004-08-12|title=von Brecht?|publisher=Die Zeit}}
38. ^{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Philip M.|authorlink=Philip M. Baker|title=Steven Spielberg|year=1992|publisher=B.T. Batsford Ltd|location=London|isbn=0-7134-6693-6}} p. 134.
39. ^[https://www.lyon.edu/webdata/users/kadler/public_html/rmcguinn/gibson.html "Bob Gibson's 'The Courtship of Carl Sandburg'" lyon.edu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111151210/https://www.lyon.edu/webdata/users/kadler/public_html/rmcguinn/gibson.html |date=January 11, 2007 }}
40. ^{{cite book|last=Steward|first=Samuel M.|title=$tud|year=1966|publisher=Alyson Publications, Inc.|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-932870-02-5}} p.151
41. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FpZQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rCEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6654,1985540&dq=wmaq&hl=en|title=Carl Sandburg Sings On WMAQ Today|date=10 January 1928|work=The Milwaukee Journal|accessdate=6 December 2010}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/americansongbag029895mbp |title=The American Songbag (1927)|publisher=Archive.org |accessdate=April 25, 2013}}

Notes

{{Reflist|25em}}

Further reading

  • Niven, Penelope. Carl Sandburg: A Biography. New York: Scribner's, 1991.
  • Sandburg, Carl. The letters of Carl Sandburg. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968.
  • Sandburg, Helga. A Great and Glorious Romance: The Story of Carl Sandburg and Lilian Steichen. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978.

External links

{{wikiquote}}{{wikisource author}}
  • Carl Sandburg's birthplace in Galesburg, IL (at sandburg.org)
  • Carl Sandburg Birthplace, Galesburg, IL (at uncharted101.com)
  • Carl Sandburg Home, North Carolina from the National Park Service
  • {{Gutenberg author | id=Sandburg,+Carl | name=Carl Sandburg}}
  • {{Internet Archive author |sname=Carl August Sandburg}}
  • {{Librivox author |id=36}}
  • [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/carl-sandburg/film-the-day-carl-sandburg-died/2329/ The Day Carl Sandburg Died], PBS American Masters video
  • Prayers for the People: Carl Sandburg's Poetry and Songs, a Nebraska Educational Telecommunications film, University of Nebraska (video, 1 hour)
  • Carl Sandburg databases from the University of Illinois
  • Carl Sandburg from the FBI website
  • Previously unknown Sandburg poem focuses on power of the gun
  • Oliver Barrett-Carl Sandburg Papers at Newberry Library
  • {{cite journal |last=Heitman |first= Danny|title=A Workingman's Poet |url=http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2013/marchapril/feature/workingmans-poet |journal=Humanities |date= March–April 2013 |publisher=National Endowment For The Humanities |volume=34 |issue=2 |accessdate=6 January 2015}}
  • {{LCAuth|n79011105|Carl Sandburg|276|}}
  • Helga Sandburg at LC Authorities, with 20 records
  • Carl Sandburg Home NHS images on Open Parks Network
  • [https://findingaids.uncc.edu/repositories/4/resources/42 North Carolina Writers Photographs Collection], J Murrey Atkins Library, UNC Charlotte
  • [https://findingaids.uncc.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/28718 Sandburg Series in the Harry Golden papers], J Murrey Atkins Library, UNC Charlotte
  • {{Find a Grave}}
{{Carl Sandburg}}{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Carl Sandburg
| list ={{Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album 1960s}}{{PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1926–1950}}{{PulitzerPrize PoetryAuthors 1951–1975}}{{PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations Letters}}
}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandburg, Carl}}

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