| 词条 | Hakodate |
| 释义 |
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Hakodate}} | official_name = | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|函館市}}}}}} | settlement_type = Core city | image_skyline = Hakodate montage.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Clockwise from the top: Goryokaku, Hakodate Orthodox Church, Night View from Mount Hakodate, Goryokaku Tower, Hachiman-Zaka and Hakodate Port | image_flag = Flag of Hakodate, Hokkaido.svg | flag_alt = | image_seal = Symbol of Hakodate, Hokkaido.svg | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Hakodate in Hokkaido Prefecture Ja.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Hakodate in Oshima, Hokkaido | pushpin_map = Japan | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|41|46|N|140|44|E|region:JP-01|display=it}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = Japan| subdivision_type1 = Region| subdivision_type2 = Prefecture| subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name1 = Hokkaido| subdivision_name2 = Hokkaido (Oshima Subprefecture)| subdivision_name3 = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor| leader_name = Toshiki Kudo (since May 2011)| leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 677.89| area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 264,845| population_as_of = Feb, 2017| population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 412.83| population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = Japan Standard Time| utc_offset1 = +9| postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | area_code_type = | blank_name_sec1 = Symbols| blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = • Tree| blank1_info_sec1 = Onko (Japanese yew)| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number| blank_info_sec2 = 0138-21-3111| blank1_name_sec2 = Address| blank1_info_sec2 = 4-13 Shinonome-chō, Hakodate-shi, Hokkaidō 040-8666| website = {{URL|http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/}}| footnotes = | blank2_name_sec1 = • Flower| blank2_info_sec1 = Azalea| blank3_name_sec1 = • Bird| blank3_info_sec1 = Varied tit| blank4_name_sec1 = • Fish| blank4_info_sec1 = Squid}}{{Nihongo|Hakodate|函館市|Hakodate-shi}} is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture.As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households, and a population density of 412.83 persons per km2 (1,069.2 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is {{convert|677.77|km2|abbr=on}}. The city is now the third biggest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.== History ==Hakodate was Japan's first city whose port was opened to foreign trade in 1854, as a result of Convention of Kanagawa, and used to be the most important port in northern Japan. Also, the city had been the biggest city in Hokkaido before the Great Hakodate Fire of 1934.=== Pre-Meiji restoration ===Hakodate was founded in 1454, when Kono Kaganokami Masamichi constructed a large manor house in the Ainu fishing village of Usukeshi (the word for bay in Ainu).After his death, Masamichi's son, Kono Suemichi, and family were driven out of Hakodate into nearby Kameda during the Ainu rebellion in 1512 and little history was recorded for the area during the next 100 years. There was constant low-level conflict in the Oshima peninsula at the time with the Ainu, as armed merchants like the Kono family, established bases to control trade in the region. This conflict culminated in an uprising from 1669 to 1672, led by Ainu warrior Shakushain after which the Ainu in the region were suppressed.Capitalism from Within: Economy, Society, and the State in a Japanese Fishery, David L. Howell, University of California Press 1995, retrieved 29 June 2007 2. ^City of Hakodate official website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601053547/http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/kikaku/english/overview.html |date=2007-06-01 }}, loaded 3 April 2007 3. ^Japan in Yezo, Thomas Wright Blakiston, Yokohama: Japan Gazette, 1883. Online excerpts {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706030904/http://ourheritage.net/index_page_stuff/following_trails/Blakiston/Blakiston_Japan1.html |date=2007-07-06 }}, retrieved 12 July 2007. 4. ^Hakodate POW Camp Group: Camp Histories 1942 TO 1945, Center for Research Allied Pows under the Japanese, loaded 29 June 2007. 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://planetyze.com/en/japan/hokkaido/mt-hakodate/information|title=About Mt. Hakodate - Hokkaido Travel Guide {{!}} Planetyze|website=Planetyze|language=en|access-date=2018-03-01}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://portais.ufg.br/up/68/o/Classifica____o_Clim__tica_Koppen.pdf|title=Koppen Climate Classification|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 7. ^"[https://web.archive.org/web/20040611163619/http://www.adk.ana-g.com/kaisya.htm 会社案内]." Air Hokkaido. June 11, 2004. Retrieved on May 20, 2009. 8. ^"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060106224259/http://www.airtransse.com/company.html 会社概要]." Airtransse. January 6, 2006. Retrieved on May 20, 2009. 9. ^Sister Cities and Friendship City of Hakodate External links{{Commons category|Hakodate, Hokkaido}}{{wikivoyage|Hakodate}}
8 : Populated places established in the 1450s|Cities in Hokkaido|Port settlements in Japan|Populated coastal places in Japan|Capitals of former nations|Hakodate, Hokkaido|1454 establishments in Asia|15th-century establishments in Japan |
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