| 词条 | Arkhangelsk | ||
| 释义 |
|en_name=Arkhangelsk |ru_name=Архангельск |image_skyline=Arkhangelsk_view_from_Vysotka.jpg |image_caption=View of Arkhangelsk at night |coordinates = {{coord|64|32|N|40|32|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Герб Архангельска — основной на светлом фоне.svg |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday=Last Sunday of June |holiday_ref=[1] |federal_subject=Arkhangelsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[2] |adm_data_as_of=May 2010 |adm_city_jur=city of oblast significance of Arkhangelsk |adm_city_jur_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of1=Arkhangelsk Oblast |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of2=city of oblast significance of Arkhangelsk |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of3=Primorsky District |adm_ctr_of3_ref=[6] |inhabloc_cat=City |inhabloc_cat_ref=[2] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=November 2015 |urban_okrug_jur=Arkhangelsk Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=[8] |mun_admctr_of1=Arkhangelsk Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[8] |mun_admctr_of2=Primorsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[8] |leader_title=Head |leader_title_ref=[3] |leader_name=Igor Godzish |leader_name_ref=[3] |representative_body=City Council of Deputies |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2=294.42 |area_km2_ref=[4] |pop_2010census=348783 |pop_2010census_rank=50th |pop_2010census_ref=[14] |pop_density=1185 |pop_density_as_of=2012 |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest=350,985 |pop_latest_date=2013 |pop_latest_ref=[5] |established_date=1584 |established_title=Novo-Kholmogory |established_date_ref=[6] |current_cat_date=1584 |current_cat_date_ref= |postal_codes=163000-163071 |postal_codes_ref=[7] |dialing_codes=8182 |dialing_codes_ref=[8] |website=http://www.arhcity.ru |website_ref= |date=August 2011 }}Arkhangelsk ({{lang-rus|Арха́нгельск|p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk}}), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of European Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea. The city spreads for over {{convert|40|km|sp=us}} along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703. A {{convert|1133|km|mi|sp=us|adj=mid|-long}} railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and a smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2010 Census, the city's population was 348,783,[9] down from 356,051 recorded in the 2002 Census,[10] and further down from 415,921 recorded in the 1989 Census.[11] Coat of armsThe arms of the city display the Archangel Michael in the act of defeating the Devil. Legend states that this victory took place near where the city stands, hence its name, and that Michael still stands watch over the city to prevent the Devil's return.[12] HistoryEarly historyVikings knew the area around Arkhangelsk as Bjarmaland. Ohthere of Hålogaland told circa 890 of his travels in an area by a river and the White Sea with many buildings. This was probably the place later known as Arkhangelsk.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} According to Snorri Sturluson, Vikings led by Thorir Hund raided this area in 1027. In 1989, an unusually impressive silver treasure was found by local farm workers by the mouth of Dvina, right next to present-day Arkhangelsk.[13] It was probably buried in the beginning of the 12th century, and contained articles that may have been up to two hundred years old at that time. Most of the findings comprised a total of {{convert|1.6|kg}} of silver, largely in the form of coins. Jewelry and pieces of jewelry come from Russia or neighboring areas. The majority of the coins were German, but the hoard also included a smaller number of Kufan, English, Bohemian, Hungarian, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian coins. It is hard to place this find historically until further research is completed. There are at least two possible interpretations. It may be a treasure belonging to the society outlined by the Norse source material. Generally such finds, whether from Scandinavia, the Baltic area, or Russia, are closely tied to well-established agricultural societies with considerable trade activity. Alternatively, like the Russian scientists{{who|date=January 2013}} who published the find in 1992, one may see it as evidence of a stronger case of Russian colonization than previously thought. Novgorodians arriveIn the 12th century, the Novgorodians established the Archangel Michael Monastery (named after Michael the Archangel) in the estuary of the Northern Dvina River. The main trade center of the area at that time was Kholmogory, located {{convert|75|km|sp=us}} southeast of Arkhangelsk, up the Dvina River, about {{convert|10|km|sp=us}} downstream from where the Pinega River flows into the Dvina. Written sources indicate that Kholmogory existed early in the 12th century, but there is no archeological material to illuminate the early history of the town. It is not known whether the origin of this settlement was Russian, or if it goes back to pre-Russian times. In the center of the small town (or Gorodok) that is there today is a large mound of building remains and river sand, but it has not been archeologically excavated. Norwegian-Russian conflictThe area of Arkhangelsk came to be important in the rivalry between Norwegian and Russian interests in the northern areas. From Novgorod, the spectrum of Russian interest was extended far north to the Kola Peninsula in the 12th century. However, here Norway enforced taxes and rights to the fur trade. A compromise agreement entered in 1251 was soon broken.{{clarify|date=January 2013}}{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} In 1411, Yakov Stepanovich from Novgorod went to attack Northern Norway. This was the beginning of a series of clashes. In 1419, Norwegian ships with five hundred soldiers entered the White Sea. The "Murmaners", as the Norwegians were called (cf. Murmansk), plundered many Russian settlements along the coast, among them the Archangel Michael Monastery.[14] Novgorod managed to drive the Norwegians back. However, in 1478 the area was taken over by Ivan III and passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow with the rest of the Novgorod Republic. Trade with England, Scotland, and the NetherlandsThree English ships set out to find the Northeast passage to China in 1553; two disappeared, and one ended up in the White Sea, eventually coming across the area of Arkhangelsk. Ivan the Terrible found out about this, and brokered a trade agreement with the ship's captain, Richard Chancellor. Trade privileges were granted to English merchants in 1555, leading to the founding of the Company of Merchant Adventurers, which began sending ships annually into the estuary of the Northern Dvina. Dutch merchants also started bringing their ships into the White Sea from the 1560s. Scottish and English merchants also traded in the 16th century; however, by the 17th century it was mainly the Dutch that sailed to the White Sea area. Founding and further developmentIn 1584 Ivan ordered the founding of New Kholmogory (which would later be renamed after the nearby Archangel Michael Monastery). At the time access to the Baltic Sea was still mostly controlled by Sweden, so while Arkhangelsk was icebound in winter, it remained Moscow's almost sole link to the sea-trade. Local inhabitants, called Pomors, were the first to explore trade routes to Northern Siberia as far as the trans-Urals city of Mangazeya and beyond. In December 1613, during the Time of Troubles, Arkhangelsk was besieged by Polish-Lithuanian marauders commanded by Stanislaw Jasinski (Lisowczycy), who failed to capture the fortified town. In 1619 and in 1637 a fire broke out, and the complete city was burned down. In 1693, Peter the Great ordered the creation of a state shipyard in Arkhangelsk. A year later the ships Svyatoye Prorochestvo (Holy Prophecy), Apostol Pavel (Apostle Paul), and the yacht Svyatoy Pyotr (Saint Peter) were sailing in the White Sea. However, he also realized that Arkhangelsk would always be limited as a port due to the five months of ice cover, and after a successful campaign against Swedish armies in the Baltic area, he founded St. Petersburg in May 1703. Nonetheless, Akhangelsk continued to be an important naval base and maritime centre in the Russian north.[15] In 1722, Peter the Great decreed that Arkhangelsk should no longer accept goods that amounted to more than was sufficient for the town (for so-called domestic consumption). It was due to the Tsar's will to shift all international marine trade to St. Petersburg. This factor greatly contributed to the deterioration of Arkhangelsk that continued up to 1762 when this decree was canceled. Arkhangelsk declined in the 18th century as the Baltic trade became ever more important. In the early years of the 19th century, the arrest and prolonged detention by Russian authorities of John Bellingham, an English export representative based at Arkhangelsk, was the indirect cause of Bellingham later assassinating British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval. Arkhangelsk's economy revived at the end of the 19th century when a railway to Moscow was completed and timber became a major export. The city resisted Bolshevik rule from 1918 to 1920 and was a stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army supported by the military intervention of British-led Entente forces along an Allied expedition, including a North American contingent known as the Polar Bear Expedition.[16] It was also the scene of Mudyug concentration camp. During both world wars, Arkhangelsk was a major port of entry for Allied aid. During World War II, the city became known in the West as one of the two main destinations (along with Murmansk) of the Arctic Convoys bringing supplies in to assist the Soviet Union. During Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Arkhangelsk was one of two cities (the other being Astrakhan) selected to mark the envisaged eastern limit of Nazi control. This military operation was to be halted at this A-A line but never reached it as the German forces failed to capture either of the two cities and also failed to capture Moscow. Arkhangelsk was also the site of Arkhangelsk ITL, or the Arkhangelsk Labour Camp, in the 1930s and 1940s. Today, Arkhangelsk remains a major seaport, now open year-round due to improvements in icebreakers. The city is primarily a center for the timber and fishing industries. On March 16, 2004, fifty-eight people were killed in an explosion at an apartment block in the city. Administrative and municipal statusArkhangelsk is the administrative center of the oblast[17] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Primorsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[18] As an administrative division, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Arkhangelsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[17] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Arkhangelsk is incorporated as Arkhangelsk Urban Okrug.[19] The mayor (as of July 2017) is Igor Viktorovich Godzish, who was elected in 2015.[20] City divisionsFor administrative purposes, the city is divided into nine territorial okrugs:[21]
Economy and infrastructureNordavia (formerly Aeroflot Nord) airline has its head office on the grounds of the Talagi Airport in Arkhangelsk.[22]EducationArkhangelsk was home to Pomorsky State University and Arkhangelsk State Technical University which merged with several other institutions of higher learning in 2010 to form the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Arkhangelsk is also home to the Northern State Medical University, Makarov state Maritime Academy,and a branch of the All-Russian Distance Institute of Finance and Economics. CultureMikhail Lomonosov came from a Pomor village near Kholmogory. A monument to him was installed to a design by Ivan Martos in 1829. A monument to Peter the Great was designed by Mark Antokolsky in 1872 and installed in 1914. After its historic churches were destroyed during Joseph Stalin's rule, the city's main extant landmarks are the fort-like Merchant Yards (1668–1684) and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20060304131516/http://www.fortification.ru/list/novodvinsk/ New Dvina Fortress] (1701–1705). The Assumption Church on the Dvina embankment (1742–1744) was rebuilt in 2004. In 2008, it was decided that the city's cathedral, dedicated to the Archangel Michael, which had been destroyed under the Soviets, would be rebuilt. The foundation stone was laid in November 2008 by the regional Bishop Tikhon.[24] The cathedral, situated near the city's main bus station and river port, is expected to be completed and consecrated in 2019.[25] Another remarkable structure is the Arkhangelsk TV Mast, a {{convert|151|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall guyed mast for FM-/TV-broadcasting built in 1964. This tubular steel mast has six crossbars equipped with gangways, which run in two levels from the central mast structure out to the each of the three guys. On these crossbars there are also several antennas installed ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080228181015/http://www.rtrs.ru/data/bashi_arhangelsk.jpg image]). An unusual example of local "vernacular architecture" was the so-called Sutyagin house. This thirteen-story, {{convert|44|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall[37][26] residence of the local entrepreneur Nikolay Petrovich Sutyagin was reported to be the world's, or at least Russia's, tallest wooden house. Constructed by Mr. Sutyagin and his family over the course of fifteen years (starting in 1992), without plans or a building permit, the structure deteriorated while Mr. Sutyagin spent a few years in prison on racketeering charges. In 2008, it was condemned by the city as a fire hazard, and the courts ordered it to be demolished by February 1, 2009.[27][28] On December 26, 2008, the tower was pulled down,[29][30] and the remainder of the building was dismantled manually by early February 2009.[31][32] The cultural life of Arkhangelsk includes:
An airstrip in Arkhangelsk was the fictional setting for a level in the 1997 hit videogame Goldeneye 007.{{fact|date=November 2017}} LiteratureThe Russian North, and, in particular, the area of Arkhangelsk, is notable for its folklore. Until the mid-20th century, fairy tales and bylinas were still performed on the daily basis by performers who became professionals. Starting from the 1890s, folkloric expeditions have been organized to the White Sea area and later to other areas of the Arkhangelsk Governorate in order to write down the tales and the bylinas, especially in Pomor dialects. In the 1920s, mostly due to the efforts of Anna Astakhova, these expeditions became systematic. By the 1960s, the performing art was basically extinct. These folkloric motives and fairy tales inspired the literary works of Stepan Pisakhov and Boris Shergin, who were both natives of Arkhangelsk. GeographyClimateArkhangelsk experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), with long (November-March) and very cold winters and short (June-August) and cool summers. {{Weather box|location=Arkhangelsk |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 5.0 |Feb record high C = 5.2 |Mar record high C = 12.1 |Apr record high C = 25.3 |May record high C = 31.7 |Jun record high C = 33.0 |Jul record high C = 34.4 |Aug record high C = 33.4 |Sep record high C = 27.7 |Oct record high C = 18.3 |Nov record high C = 10.0 |Dec record high C = 5.8 |year record high C = 34.4 |Jan high C = -9.2 |Feb high C = -7.7 |Mar high C = -1.2 |Apr high C = 5.4 |May high C = 12.5 |Jun high C = 18.7 |Jul high C = 21.8 |Aug high C = 18.0 |Sep high C = 12.2 |Oct high C = 4.8 |Nov high C = -2.5 |Dec high C = -6.4 |year high C = 5.5 |Jan mean C = -12.7 |Feb mean C = -11.4 |Mar mean C = -5.5 |Apr mean C = 0.4 |May mean C = 6.9 |Jun mean C = 13.0 |Jul mean C = 16.3 |Aug mean C = 13.1 |Sep mean C = 8.2 |Oct mean C = 2.3 |Nov mean C = -5.1 |Dec mean C = -9.8 |year mean C = 1.3 |Jan low C = -16.5 |Feb low C = -15.2 |Mar low C = -9.4 |Apr low C = -3.9 |May low C = 2.2 |Jun low C = 7.7 |Jul low C = 11.3 |Aug low C = 8.9 |Sep low C = 5.1 |Oct low C = 0.1 |Nov low C = -7.7 |Dec low C = -13.4 |year low C = -2.6 |Jan record low C = -45.2 |Feb record low C = -41.2 |Mar record low C = -37.1 |Apr record low C = -27.3 |May record low C = -13.7 |Jun record low C = -3.9 |Jul record low C = -0.5 |Aug record low C = -4.1 |Sep record low C = -7.5 |Oct record low C = -21.1 |Nov record low C = -36.5 |Dec record low C = -43.2 |year record low C = -45.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 38 |Feb precipitation mm = 29 |Mar precipitation mm = 30 |Apr precipitation mm = 30 |May precipitation mm = 49 |Jun precipitation mm = 61 |Jul precipitation mm = 73 |Aug precipitation mm = 70 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 66 |Nov precipitation mm = 53 |Dec precipitation mm = 46 |year precipitation mm = 606 |Jan rain days = 2 |Feb rain days = 2 |Mar rain days = 4 |Apr rain days = 10 |May rain days = 17 |Jun rain days = 17 |Jul rain days = 18 |Aug rain days = 19 |Sep rain days = 22 |Oct rain days = 19 |Nov rain days = 9 |Dec rain days = 4 |year rain days = 143 |Jan snow days = 27 |Feb snow days = 26 |Mar snow days = 23 |Apr snow days = 13 |May snow days = 6 |Jun snow days = 1 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0.03 |Sep snow days = 1 |Oct snow days = 13 |Nov snow days = 25 |Dec snow days = 28 |year snow days = 163 |Jan humidity = 85 |Feb humidity = 84 |Mar humidity = 80 |Apr humidity = 72 |May humidity = 68 |Jun humidity = 69 |Jul humidity = 75 |Aug humidity = 81 |Sep humidity = 85 |Oct humidity = 88 |Nov humidity = 89 |Dec humidity = 87 |year humidity = 80 |Jan sun = 13 |Feb sun = 56 |Mar sun = 117 |Apr sun = 193 |May sun = 262 |Jun sun = 298 |Jul sun = 301 |Aug sun = 203 |Sep sun = 116 |Oct sun = 59 |Nov sun = 19 |Dec sun = 6 |year sun = 1643 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[33] |source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[34] |date=August 2010 }} SportsBandy is the biggest sport in the city and is considered a national sport in Russia.[35] Vodnik, the local team, nine times became the Russian champion (1996–2000 and 2002–2005). Their home arena has the capacity of 10000.[36] Arkhangelsk hosted the Bandy World Championship in 1999 and 2003.[37] The 2011–2012 season Russian Bandy League final was played here on March 25, 2012.[38][39] The 2016 Youth-17 Bandy World Championship was played in Arkhangelsk between 28–31 January.[40]Notable people
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Twin towns and sister citiesArkhangelsk is twinned with:[42]
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arhcity.ru/?page=275/0|title=www.arhcity.ru|publisher=Мэрия Архангельска|language=Russian|accessdate=May 31, 2012}} 2. ^1 {{OKATO reference|11 401}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.arhcity.ru/?page=3/1|script-title=ru:Информация о мэре города|publisher=Мэрия Архангельска|language=Russian|accessdate=May 31, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arhcity.ru/?page=1/1|script-title=ru:Паспорт города|publisher=Мэрия Архангельска|language=Russian|accessdate=May 31, 2012}} 5. ^Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2013 года. — М.: Федеральная служба государственной статистики Росстат, 2013. — 528 с. (Табл. 33. Численность населения городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов) 6. ^{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=25}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212001823/http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=December 12, 2006|title=List of postal codes|publisher=Russian Post|language=Russian|accessdate=July 23, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://mobile.beeline.ru/media/Abonents/Geography/For_guests/City%20codes%20%28rus%29.pdf |script-title=ru:Коды областных центров |publisher=Beeline |language=Russian |accessdate=August 26, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123142255/http://mobile.beeline.ru/media/Abonents/Geography/For_guests/City%20codes%20%28rus%29.pdf |archivedate=November 23, 2011 |df=mdy }} 9. ^1 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 10. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 11. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Archangel: Heraldic Argument in Russia|publisher=The Baronage Press|url=http://www.baronage.co.uk/2003b/russia-1.html}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sarks.fi/fa/PDF/FA9_3.pdf|title=THE ARKHANGELSK HOARD|last=Nosov|first=E.N|date=1992|website=sarks.fi|access-date=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kolamap.ru/library/1919_zhilinskiy/2_1.htm|script-title=ru:Крайний север Европейской России|last=Жилинский|first=К. А.|year=1919|publisher=Кольские карты|language=Russian|accessdate=24 January 2013}} 15. ^{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Alexander |year=2007 |title= Russian and Soviet Naval Power and the Arctic from the XVI Century to the Beginning of the Great Patriotic War|url= https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040701532958 |journal=The Journal of Slavic Military Studies |volume=20 |issue=3 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=178&category=life |title=Detroit's Polar Bears and their confusing war |accessdate=July 12, 2007 |publisher=The Detroit News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120709074435/http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=178&category=life |archivedate=July 9, 2012 |df= }} 17. ^1 2 3 4 Oblast Law #65-5-OZ 18. ^1 {{OKATO reference|11 252}} 19. ^1 2 3 Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&nv=1&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=auto&sp=nmt4&tl=en&u=http://m.arhcity.ru/%3Fpage%3D3/0&usg=ALkJrhiaREs6OKTK6fY13zYOqK6gw7WKeQ |title=Google Translate |website=translate.googleusercontent.com}} 21. ^{{Cite Russian law|ru_entity=Архангельский городской Совет народных депутатов|ru_type=Решение|ru_number=88|ru_date=15 ноября 1991 г.|ru_title=Об образовании территориальных городских округов|en_entity=Arkhangelsk City Council of People's Deputies|en_type=Decision|en_number=88|en_date=November 15, 1991|en_title=On Establishing the City Territorial Okrugs}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nordavia.ru/eng/contact/ |title=Contact Us |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611174611/http://www.nordavia.ru/eng/contact/ |archivedate=June 11, 2010 |work=Nordavia |accessdate=June 29, 2010 |others=Archived at the Wayback Machine}} 23. ^The 500-ruble Bank of Russia note 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/node/20754|title=Archangelsk invests in new cathedral|work=Barents Observer|date=25 November 2008|accessdate=20 January 2015}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/russia/arkhangelsk/attractions/archangel-mikhail-cathedral/a/poi-sig/1575275/360432|title=Archangel Mikhail Cathedral|work=Lonely Planet|accessdate=28 January 2019}} 26. ^According to other sources, twelve stories, {{convert|38|m|sp=us}} 27. ^1 Sutyagin House, Arkhangelsk, Russia: Standing tall. WorldArchitectureNews.com, Wednesday Mar 7, 2007. (Includes photo) 28. ^{{cite web|first=Hope|last=Ponomaryova|script-title=ru:Гангстер-хаус: Самый высокий деревянный дом в России объявлен вне закона|url=http://www.rg.ru/2008/06/26/gangster.html|work=Rossiyskaya Gazeta|location=Moscow, Russia|language=Russian|trans-title=Gangster house: Russia's tallest wooden house is now outlawed|date=June 26, 2008|accessdate=August 15, 2009}} 29. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:В Архангельске провалилась первая попытка снести самое высокое деревянное здание в мире|url=http://realty.newsru.com/article/26Dec2008/wooden|work=NEWSru.com Realty (Недвижимость)|location=Moscow, Russia|language=Russian|trans-title=Arkhangelsk The first attempt to demolish the tallest wooden building in the world failed in Arkhangelsk|date=December 26, 2008|accessdate=August 15, 2009}} 30. ^{{cite web|author=mihai055|script-title=ru:Сутягин, снос дома|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa_Ahn29Myw|publisher=YouTube|language=Russian|trans-title=Demolition of Sutyagin's house|format=Flash video|date=December 26, 2008|accessdate=August 15, 2009}} 31. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:В Архангельске разрушено самое высокое деревянное здание в мире|url=http://realty.newsru.com/article/06Feb2009/sutyagin|work=NEWSru.com Realty (Недвижимость)|location=Moscow, Russia|language=Russian|trans-title=The tallest wooden building in the world has been destroyed in Arkhangelsk|date=February 6, 2009|accessdate=August 15, 2009}} 32. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:От самого высокого деревянного строения в мире осталась груда мусора|trans-title=Only a heap of debris is left from the world's tallest wooden building|url=http://www.1tv.ru/newsvideo/137558|work=Channel One Russia|publisher=Web-службой Первого канала|location=Moscow, Russia|language=Russian|format=flash video and text|date=February 6, 2009|accessdate=December 29, 2009}} 33. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/22550.htm| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Arkhangelsk| publisher = Weather and Climate| language = Russian| accessdate = 13 May 2015}} 34. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/RE/22550.TXT| title = Arhangelsk (Arkhangelsk) Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 13 May 2015}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/news/2011/01/21/33986/ |title=Russian bandy players blessed for victory at world championship in Kazan |date=January 21, 2011 |publisher=Tatar-Inform |accessdate=August 31, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424230703/http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/news/2011/01/21/33986/ |archivedate=April 24, 2012 }} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/10/|script-title=ru:Стадион "Труд", Архангельск|publisher=Федерация хоккея с мячом России|language=Russian|accessdate=1 December 2012}} 37. ^Video from a home game against Baykal-Energiya from Irkutsk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uAVZxVEoe0 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kuzbassbandyclub.ru/mainnews/archive/769 |title=Официальный сайт хоккейного клуба "Кузбасс" (Кемерово) — www.kuzbassbandyclub.ru |publisher=Kuzbassbandyclub.ru |date=2011-11-27 |accessdate=2012-08-15}} 39. ^Video from the final of the Russian Championships in 2012 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616120658/http://www.bandynet.ru/node/29139 |date=June 16, 2012 }} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/8597/|title=Состав юношеской сборной России (U-17) на ЧМ-2016|publisher=Russian Bandy Federation|language=Russian|accessdate=20 January 2016}} 41. ^Chessgames.com – Ilya Shumov 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arhcity.ru/?page=232/0 |script-title=ru:Информация о городах-побратимах|publisher=arhcity.ru|date=October 26, 2007|accessdate=27 July 2013|language=Russian}} 43. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ouka.fi/oulu/kansainvalisyys/ystavyyskaupungit |title=Ystävyyskaupungit (Twin Cities) |accessdate=2013-07-27 |work=Oulun kaupunki (City of Oulu) |language=Finnish}} Sources
Further reading
External links{{wikivoyage|Arkhangelsk}}
8 : Arkhangelsk|Populated coastal places in Russia|Port cities and towns in Russia|White Sea|Arctic convoys of World War II|Populated places established in 1584|Cities of Military Glory|Arkhangelsk Governorate |
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