| 词条 | Bristol, Virginia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|official_name = Bristol, Virginia |settlement_type = Independent city |nickname = The Birthplace of Country Music |motto = A Good Place to Live |image_skyline = Bristol.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = A sign welcomes visitors to the twin cities of Bristol, Virginia, and Bristol, Tennessee. |image_flag = |image_seal = Bristol VA seal.gif |image_map = Bristol-Location.svg |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Virginia |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = None (Independent city) |government_type = Council-manager |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Kevin Mumpower |leader_title1 = Vice Mayor |leader_name1 = Kevin Wingard |leader_title2 = City Manager |leader_name2 = Randy Eads |established_title = |established_date = 1856 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 33.74 |area_land_km2 = 33.42 |area_water_km2 = 0.32 |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_est = 16790 |pop_est_as_of = 2017 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_total = 17835 |population_rank = US: ? |population_as_of = 2010 |population_metro = 500901 |population_density_km2 = 502.39 |timezone = Eastern |utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = −4 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 24201, 24202 |area_code = 276 |coordinates = {{coord|36|36|N|82|11|W|region:US-VA|display=inline}} |elevation_m = 512 |elevation_ft = 1680 |website = {{URL|www.bristolva.org}} |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 51-09816[2] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1492633[3] |footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = [4] |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [4] |area_total_sq_mi = 13.03 |area_land_sq_mi = 12.90 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.12 |population_density_sq_mi = 1301.15 }} Bristol is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,835.[5] It is the twin city of Bristol, Tennessee, just across the state line, which runs down the middle of its main street, State Street. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Bristol, Virginia, with neighboring Washington County, Virginia, for statistical purposes. Bristol is a principal city of the Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. HistoryEvan Shelby first appeared in what is now the Bristol area around 1765. In 1766, Shelby moved his family and settled at a place called Big Camp Meet (now Bristol, Tennessee/Virginia). It is said that Cherokee Indians once inhabited the area and the Indian village was named, according to legend, because numerous deer and buffalo met here to feast in the canebrakes. Shelby renamed the site Sapling Grove (which would later be changed to Bristol). In 1774, Shelby erected a fort on a hill overlooking what is now downtown Bristol. It was an important stopping-off place for notables such as Daniel Boone and George Rogers Clark, as well as hundreds of pioneers’ en route to the interior of the developing nation. This fort, known as Shelby's Station was actually a combination trading post, way station, and stockade.[6]By the mid-nineteenth century, when surveyors projected a junction of two railroad lines at the Virginia-Tennessee state line, Reverend James King conveyed much of his acreage to his son-in-law, Joseph R. Anderson. Anderson laid out the original town of Bristol, Tennessee/Virginia and building began in 1853.[6] Samuel Goodson, who owned land that adjoined the original town of Bristol TN/VA at its northern boundary (Beaver Creek was the dividing line), started a development known as Goodsonville. Anderson was unable to incorporate Bristol across the state lines of Tennessee and Virginia. In 1856, Goodsonville and the original Bristol, Virginia were merged to form the composite town of Goodson, Virginia.[6] Incorporation for Bristol, Tennessee and Goodson, Virginia occurred in 1856. The Virginia and Tennessee Railroads reached the cities in the late summer of 1856. Due to having two different railroads companies, two depots served the cities; one in Bristol, Tenn. and the other in Goodson, Va. However, the depot located in Goodson continued to be referred to as Bristol, Virginia. In 1890, Goodson, Virginia once again took the name Bristol.[6] The Grove, Solar Hill Historic District, and Walnut Grove are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[7]GeographyBristol is located in southwestern Virginia at {{coord|36|36|N|82|11|W|type:city}} (36.6111, -82.1762).[8] It is bordered to the west, north, and east by Washington County, Virginia, and to the south by the city of Bristol in Sullivan County, Tennessee. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|34.1|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|33.7|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.4|km2|order=flip}}, or 1.07%, is water.[9] Little Creek and Beaver Creek flow south through the city; Little Creek flows into Beaver Creek two blocks south of the state line in Tennessee. Beaver Creek is a tributary of the South Fork Holston River. The city is served by Interstates 81 and 381, and by U.S. Routes 11, 19, 58, and 421. I-81 leads northeast {{convert|149|mi}} to Roanoke, Virginia, and southwest {{convert|113|mi}} to Knoxville, Tennessee. Interstate 381 (I-381) is a spur from Interstate 81 that provides access to Bristol, Virginia, United States. It runs for {{convert|1.7|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} from the intersection of Commonwealth Avenue (State Route 381) and Keys/Church Streets in Bristol at exit 0 north to Interstate 81. The I-81 interchange, the only one on I-381, is signed as exits 1A (I-81 north) and 1B (I-81 south). US 11 and US 19, running parallel to I-81, lead northeast {{convert|15|mi}} to Abingdon, Virginia. US 11 splits into routes 11W and 11E in Bristol; US 11W leads west-southwest {{convert|23|mi}} to Kingsport, Tennessee, while US 11E and US 19 lead south-southwest {{convert|25|mi}} to Johnson City, Tennessee. US 58 runs with I-81 northeast for {{convert|17|mi}} before splitting off to the east just beyond Abingdon; US 58 and 421 together lead west {{convert|27|mi}} to Weber City, Virginia. US 421 leads southeast {{convert|33|mi}} to Mountain City, Tennessee. Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 1562 |1890= 2902 |1900= 4579 |1910= 6247 |1920= 6729 |1930= 8840 |1940= 9768 |1950= 15954 |1960= 17144 |1970= 14857 |1980= 19042 |1990= 18426 |2000= 17367 |2010= 17835 |estyear=2017 |estimate=16790 |estref=[10] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[11] 1790-1960[12] 1900-1990[13] 1990-2000[14] 2010-2012[5] }} As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 17,367 people, 7,678 households, and 4,798 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,346.4 people per square mile (519.8/km²). There were 8,469 housing units at an average density of 656.6 per square mile (253.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.54% White, 5.57% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 7,678 households out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.78. In the city, the population was spread out with 20.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,389, and the median income for a family was $34,266. Males had a median income of $28,420 versus $20,967 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,311. About 13.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over. {{clear}}Government
July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018: Government
Past mayors
Police{{Infobox Law enforcement agency|agencyname = Bristol Police Department |abbreviation = BPD |country = United States |divtype = State |divname = Virginia |subdivtype = City |subdivname = Bristol |police = Yes |local = Yes |formedyear = |sworn = 53 |unsworn = 21 |chief1name = John S. Austin |chief1position = Chief |website = [website] }} Bristol is served by two law enforcement agencies: the city police and the city sheriff's department. Supporting the department is the city's E-911 Central Dispatch Emergency Communication Center which provides call taking and dispatch service for police, fire and EMS needs. TechnologyDespite its relatively small size, Bristol, Virginia, boasts one of the more advanced broadband networks in the country.[18] BVU Authority (formerly Bristol Virginia Utilities or BVU)[19] started planning a fiber optic deployment in the city in the late 1990s. By 2001, BVU had been granted approval by the city council for a full deployment of a Fiber to the premises (FTTP or FTTU, fiber to the user) project. This project was to offer competition to local incumbents and provide broadband Internet, cable TV, and telephone service to the residents of Bristol. This deployment was one of the first of its kind in the United States and was widely watched by the telecommunications industry. A system known as Passive optical network (PON) was successfully deployed to over 6,000 customers in a matter of two years. In 2003, in the relatively isolated city of Bristol, Virginia, BVU, created a nonprofit division called "Optinet", a municipal broadband Internet service that covers Bristol as well as the Southwest portion of the state of Virginia. Serving around 12,500 customers,[20] BVU is recognized as the "first municipal utility in the United States to deploy an all-fiber network offering the triple play of video, voice and data services".[20] On October 29, 2009, BVU received US$3.5 million in grant funding from the Virginia Tobacco Indemnification and Community Revitalization Commission.[21] With these funds BVU will build "an additional 49 miles of its OptiNet fiber-optic backbone from Abingdon up I-81 to Virginia Route 16 from Marion into Grayson County".[21] This will also allow for BVU to make a second connection with Mid Atlantic Broadband, increasing communication between different businesses in Northern Virginia. The Virginia Tobacco Community funded this project because it provided their business with more connections in crucial areas of the southwest and southern part of Virginia. The U.S. Department of Commerce also funded BVU. On July 3, 2010, it was reported that they gave US$22.7 million in stimulus funds to Southwest Virginia to create a "388-mile optic backbone through an eight-county region". This project will service over 120 institutions, such as schools, hospitals, government buildings, and many more besides.[22] This new municipals broadband service will also be within a two-mile distance of over 500 different businesses.[22] This project also created 295 new jobs.[22] BVU Optinet continues operate a strong municipal broadband Internet service for Bristol and many other counties in Virginia. Bristol's twin city in Tennessee has deployed an FTTP system similar to its neighbor across the state line. On August 2, 2018, BVU Authority completed a sale of the OptiNet FTTP network to a private company, Sunset Digital of Duffield, Virginia for $50 M.[23] The sale began in late 2015 and was publicly announced in early 2016. Along with the sale of OptiNet, BVU's joint network with Cumberland Plateau Co. was sold to Sunset Digital. In addition to the network assets, Sunset agreed to hire approximately 75 BVU employees from BVU.[24] TransportationAir transportThe Tri-Cities Regional Airport, with approximately 195 annual passengers, is 19 miles to the southwest of Bristol.[25] HighwaysU.S. Route 11, U.S. Route 19 and U.S. Route 421 run through the city.[26]In the vicinity, to the northwest, is Interstate 81. RailUntil 1970 the Southern Railway ran a couple of trains through the city, making stops at Bristol station. The last trains being the Birmingham Special and the Pelican. Until 1968 the Memphis-bound Tennessean made a stop in the city. EconomyTop employersAccording to Bristol's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[27] the top employers in the city are:
EducationIn 2007 and 2008, Bristol was named one of the Best 100 Communities for Music Education[28][29] The city school division, Bristol Virginia Public Schools, operates Virginia High School and Virginia Middle School, together with four elementary schools: Highland View, Stonewall Jackson, Van Pelt, and Washington Lee. Three private schools — St. Anne Catholic, Sullins Academy, and Morrison — are operated within the city. Bristol was formerly home to two post-secondary institutions, Sullins College and Virginia Intermont College, but these colleges closed in 1978 and 2014 respectively. Culture"Birthplace of Country Music"Bristol was recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music", according to a resolution passed by the US Congress in 1998;[30] residents of the city had contributed to early country music recordings and influence, and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum is located in Bristol. In 1927 record producer Ralph Peer of Victor Records began recording local musicians in Bristol to attempt to capture the local sound of traditional "folk" music of the region. One of these local sounds was created by the Carter Family. The Carter Family got their start on July 31, 1927, when A.P. Carter and his family journeyed from Maces Spring, Virginia, to Bristol, Tennessee, to audition for Peer who was seeking new talent for the relatively embryonic recording industry. They received $50 for each song they recorded. Since 1994, the Birthplace of Country Music Alliance has promoted the city as a destination to learn about the history of the region and its role in the creation of an entire music genre. The Alliance is organizing the building of a new Cultural Heritage Center to help educate the public about the history of country music in the region.[31] Professional sportsBristol hosts the Bristol Pirates baseball team of the Appalachian League. Former NASCAR driver Kelly Denton is from the city. On the Tennessee side, Bristol is home to Bristol Motor Speedway, the "world's fastest half mile", which hosts two races per year on the NASCAR Sprint Cup circuit, two races per year on the NASCAR Xfinity Series circuit, one race per year on the Camping World Truck Series circuit, and various other racing events. The complex includes the Bristol Dragway, nicknamed "Thunder Valley", referencing the hills that echo the engine noise back toward the crowd. MediaTelevision:
Newspaper:
Radio: {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-07-12}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Mar 28, 2019}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51520.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 5, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106043108/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51520.html|archivedate=January 6, 2014|df=}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://discoverbristol.org/history-of-bristol/|title=The History of Bristol|work=Discover Bristol|accessdate=14 December 2016}} 7. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 9. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US5109816| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Bristol city, Virginia| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=August 20, 2015}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 5, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=January 5, 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 5, 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 5, 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2011-05-14 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 16. ^http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tricities.com/news/article_4a820b62-012f-11e4-a832-0017a43b2370.html|title=Brillhart named Bristol, Virginia mayor|work=HeraldCourier.com|accessdate=5 December 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Broadband at the Speed of Light|url=https://ilsr.org/broadband-speed-light/|publisher=Institute for Local Self-Reliance|accessdate=4 December 2015|date=9 April 2012}} 19. ^{{cite web |title=Virginia SCC - Division of Public Utility Registration |url=https://www.scc.virginia.gov/pur/phone/tariff.aspx |website=SCC of Virginia |accessdate=5 August 2018}} 20. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.bvu-optinet.com/index.php/about-us/corporate-history |title = Bristol Virginia utilities: about us |website = Bvu-optinet.com |access-date = 2017-05-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170606215655/http://bvu-optinet.com/index.php/about-us/corporate-history |archive-date = 2017-06-06 |dead-url = yes |df = }} 21. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.lightwaveonline.com/fttx/news/Bristol-Virginia-Utilities-receives-35-million-for-broadband-construction-68665447.html| title = Bristol Virginia Utilities receives $3.5 million for broadband construction| website = www.lightwaveonline.com| access-date = 2016-02-29}} 22. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = http://bdtonline.com/local/x1671038013/Stimulus-funding-to-stretch-broadband-through-8-Va-counties| title = Stimulus funding to stretch broadband through 8 Va. counties| last = Telegraph| first = CHARLES OWENSBluefield Daily| website = Bluefield Daily Telegraph| access-date = 2016-02-29}} 23. ^{{cite news |last1=McGee |first1=David |title=Sunset, BVU OptiNet deal finalized |url=https://www.heraldcourier.com/news/sunset-bvu-optinet-deal-finalized/article_8b746332-2ee1-5565-b52f-8678020c9277.html |accessdate=5 August 2018 |agency=Bristol Herald Courier |publisher=Bristol Herald Courier}} 24. ^{{cite news |last1=Irby |first1=Zach |title=BVU OptiNet, Sunset deal moving forward |url=https://www.heraldcourier.com/news/bvu-optinet-sunset-deal-moving-forward/article_45fba0d1-f3c6-5d92-9422-e2ee2db7a70e.html |accessdate=5 August 2018 |agency=BRISTOL HERALD COURIER |publisher=BRISTOL HERALD COURIER}} 25. ^U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Retrieved, 11/29/2018 https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1&Airport=TRI&Airport_Name=Bristol/Johnson 26. ^City location https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Bristol,_Virginia¶ms=36_36_N_82_11_W_region:US-VA_type:city 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bristolva.org/archives/38/BVA_audit_2011.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731180554/http://www.bristolva.org/archives/38/BVA_audit_2011.pdf |archivedate=2013-07-31 |df= }} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.amc-music.com/news/articles/survey/final2007.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-04-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516005916/http://www.amc-music.com/news/articles/survey/final2007.htm |archivedate=2008-05-16 |df= }} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.namm.org/press-room/news/news-releases/2008April29a |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-05-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502164322/http://www.namm.org/press-room/news/news-releases/2008April29a |archivedate=2008-05-02 |df= }} 30. ^{{cite book|last1=Phillips|first1=V.N. (Bud)|title=A good place to live : Bristol, Tennessee/Virginia|date=2006|publisher=Overmountain Press|location=Johnson City, Tenn.|isbn=9781570723148|page=211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bi528RDRdBIC&pg=PA211#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=14 June 2016}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Birthplace of Country Music|url=http://www.birthplaceofcountrymusic.org/|accessdate=16 April 2015}} External links{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bristol (Tennessee)}}{{Commons cat|Bristol, Virginia}}
|Centre = Bristol, Virginia |North = Washington County |Northeast = |East = Washington County |Southeast = |South = Sullivan County, Tennessee |Southwest = |West = Washington County |Northwest = }}{{Virginia}} 6 : Bristol, Virginia|Cities in Virginia|Divided cities|Twin cities|Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area|Southwest Virginia |
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