“Ağrı”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Ağrı

释义

History
Economy and infrastructure
Climate
References
External links

For the place in Azerbaijan, see Ağrı, Azerbaijan; for Mount Ağrı (Ağrı Dağı), see Mount Ararat.

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ağrı
|settlement_type = Municipality
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_shield =
| pushpin_map = Turkey
| coordinates = {{coord|39|43|07|N|43|03|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Turkey
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Ağrı
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| leader_party = BDP
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Sırrı Sakık
| leader_title1 = Kaymakam
| leader_name1 =
| area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| area_blank1_title = District
| area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Ağrı|Ağrı }}
| elevation_m = 1640
| population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Ağrı}}
| population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Ağrı|Ağrı|şehir}}
| population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| population_blank1_title = District
| population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Ağrı|Ağrı|toplam}}
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| website = {{URL| www.agri.bel.tr/ | www.agri.bel.tr/ }}
}}

Ağrı, formerly known as Karaköse ({{lang-ku|Qerekose}})^[1] from the early Turkish republican period until 1946, and before that as Karakilise ({{lang-ota|قره‌کلیسا|Karakilisa}}), is the capital of Ağrı Province at the eastern end of Turkey, near the border with Iran.

History

In the Ottoman Empire era the area was called Karakilisa (قره‌کلیسا). The current town centre was founded around 1860 by a group of Armenian merchants from Bitlis with the name Karakilise ("the black church") that became known to the local population as Karakise and this version was turned officially to Karaköse at the beginning of the Republican era. This name was changed to Ağrı by 1946.^[2]

In the medieval period, the district's administrative centre was located at Alashkert, once an important town. The "kara kilise" that gave the town its name was a medieval Armenian church. In 1895 Lynch stayed in Karakilise and wrote that it had between 1500-2000 inhabitants, was nearly two-thirds Armenian, and that a barracks for a locally recruited Kurdish Hamidiyeh regiment had been recently located in the town.^[3]

Economy and infrastructure

Ağrı contains most of the industry in Ağrı Province where the main economic activity is Agriculture and Animal Husbandry. There is Ağrı Meat and Milk Factory and the ELDESAN leather factory is one of the biggest in the region. There is also a Sugar Factory, Shoe Factory Flour Mills, Agricultural Equipment manufacturing sites, brick factory, lime factory, furniture factory, dairy factory and textile mills.^[4]

North of Ağrı, there is a longwave broadcasting station with 2 250 metres tall guyed masts, broadcasting on 162 kHz with 1000 kW.

It is a very poor region with extremely cold winters. Most people live by grazing animals on the mountainside. Few people manage to attend university; people tend to marry in their teens and families with ten or more children are common. The local MP Fatma Salman Kotan has written of the need to erode the patriarchal nature of society in the region.^[5]

Climate

Ağrı has a warm-dry summer continental climate (Dsb) under Köppen and a warm summer continental climate (Dcb) Trewartha classification. Summers are generally brief but warm with cool nights. The average high temperature in August is roughly {{convert|30|°C|°F|lk=on|abbr=on}}. Winters are very cold. The average low January temperature is {{convert|-16|°C|°F|lk=on|abbr=on}}. It snows a lot in winter, staying for an average of four months in the city. The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|39.9|°C|°F|lk=on|abbr=on}} on 10 August 1961. The lowest recorded temperature in Ağrı was {{convert|-45.6|°C|°F|lk=on|abbr=on}} on 20 January 1972. The highest recorded snow thickness was 225 cm ( 88.6 inches) on 21 February 1985.

{{Weather box|location = Ağrı (1950 - 2015)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C= 9.6
|Feb record high C= 13.0
|Mar record high C= 21.5
|Apr record high C= 27.2
|May record high C= 32.7
|Jun record high C= 39.8
|Jul record high C= 39.8
|Aug record high C= 39.9
|Sep record high C= 35.3
|Oct record high C= 29.2
|Nov record high C= 19.8
|Dec record high C= 16.0
|Jan high C = -5.6
|Feb high C = -3.7
|Mar high C = 2.1
|Apr high C = 11.8
|May high C = 18.5
|Jun high C = 24.0
|Jul high C = 29.1
|Aug high C = 30.0
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 17.3
|Nov high C = 7.7
|Dec high C = -1.8
|Jan mean C = -10.8
|Feb mean C = -9.4
|Mar mean C = -3.0
|Apr mean C = 6.2
|May mean C = 12.0
|Jun mean C = 16.6
|Jul mean C = 21.1
|Aug mean C = 21.2
|Sep mean C = 16.2
|Oct mean C = 9.1
|Nov mean C = 1.5
|Dec mean C = -6.5
|Jan low C = -15.9
|Feb low C = -14.8
|Mar low C = -7.9
|Apr low C = 0.8
|May low C = 5.3
|Jun low C = 8.1
|Jul low C = 12.1
|Aug low C = 11.8
|Sep low C = 6.9
|Oct low C = 1.9
|Nov low C = -3.6
|Dec low C = -10.7
|Jan record low C= -45.6
|Feb record low C= -42.8
|Mar record low C= -39.6
|Apr record low C= -25.6
|May record low C= -9.0
|Jun record low C= -3.0
|Jul record low C= 1.7
|Aug record low C= 1.2
|Sep record low C= -4.1
|Oct record low C= -11.4
|Nov record low C= -31.6
|Dec record low C= -39.8
|Jan precipitation mm = 39.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 47.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 49.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 71.5
|May precipitation mm = 71.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 45.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 22.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 12.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 18.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 52.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 45.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 40.6
|Jan precipitation days= 11.4
|Feb precipitation days= 11.3
|Mar precipitation days= 12.4
|Apr precipitation days= 14.6
|May precipitation days= 16.3
|Jun precipitation days= 10.6
|Jul precipitation days= 6.1
|Aug precipitation days= 4.0
|Sep precipitation days= 4.7
|Oct precipitation days= 8.9
|Nov precipitation days= 8.5
|Dec precipitation days= 10.7
|Jan sun= 62.2
|Feb sun= 84.8
|Mar sun= 130.2
|Apr sun= 165.0
|May sun= 232.5
|Jun sun= 300.0
|Jul sun= 316.2
|Aug sun= 313.1
|Sep sun= 273.0
|Oct sun= 195.3
|Nov sun= 123.0
|Dec sun= 62.0
|year sun=
|Jan percentsun= 20.8
|Feb percentsun= 28.2
|Mar percentsun= 35.2
|Apr percentsun= 41.5
|May percentsun= 52.1
|Jun percentsun= 66.7
|Jul percentsun= 69.3
|Aug percentsun= 73.5
|Sep percentsun= 73.1
|Oct percentsun= 56.5
|Nov percentsun= 41.1
|Dec percentsun= 21.4
|year percentsun=
|source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service^[6]
|date=January 2016
}}

References

1. ^‘Azadiya Demirbaş ji bo aştiyê girîng e', Yeni Özgür Politika, May 06, 2010. {{Ku icon}}
2. ^Index Anatolicus
3. ^H. F. B. Lynch, "Armenia, Travels and Studies, volume 2, pages 3 - 9.
4. ^Ağrı sosyal yaşam {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119085547/http://agrirehberi.com/yasam/yasam.html |date=January 19, 2013 }}
5. ^Radikal-çevrimiçi / Politika / Bir vekilin öyküsü doğu kadınının dramı
6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=AGRI | title = Meteoroloji | accessdate = 8 January 2016| publisher = | language = Turkish}}

External links

Ağrı {{tr icon}}

2 : Ağrı|Districts of Ağrı Province

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